Final answer:
The collinearity of genes and proteins was verified through Western blotting, knockout/knockdown experiments, and genetic engineering techniques.
Step-by-step explanation:
The collinearity of genes and proteins was verified through various experimental results. One of the main methods used is called Western blotting. In this technique, proteins are separated by size and then detected using specific antibodies. By comparing the results of gene expression analysis with the protein expression analysis, researchers can determine if there is a correlation between the two.
Another method is the use of knockout or knockdown experiments. By eliminating or reducing the expression of a specific gene, researchers can observe the effect on the corresponding protein. If the protein expression is also affected, it provides evidence of collinearity between the gene and protein.
Lastly, genetic engineering techniques such as gene overexpression or gene mutations can also be used to verify collinearity. By manipulating the gene, researchers can determine if it has a direct impact on the expression or function of the corresponding protein.