Final answer:
Corticosteroid injections are recommended for children with ophiasis pattern alopecia areata, autoimmune disorders, family history, or extensive hair loss. Other treatments for hair loss may include medications like ketoconazole, finasteride, and minoxidil. Hair transplantation is not typically the first line of treatment, and topical antifungals are for fungal infections, not alopecia.
Step-by-step explanation:
For children with ophiasis pattern alopecia areata, coexisting autoimmune disorder, family history, or more extensive hair loss, corticosteroid injections are recommended. This treatment is part of a broader approach to alopecia, where other medications that might be considered include ketoconazole, finasteride, and minoxidil. Corticosteroids can be effective by downregulating the immune system to inhibit the inflammatory response associated with various forms of hair loss. Hair transplantation is not usually the first-line therapy, particularly for children, and it's typically considered when medicinal treatments fail to provide satisfactory results. Topical antifungal treatment is indicated for fungal infections of the skin such as cutaneous aspergillosis or candidiasis, but not for hair loss conditions like alopecia areata. No specific treatment is an option for those who prefer to avoid medical or surgical intervention, as some cases of hair loss are self-limiting.