Final answer:
hMPV disease can occur throughout the year (option b), unlike the seasonally peaking RSV. Diseases like malaria are endemic and present year-round in tropical climates, while histoplasmosis occurs more in specific US regions. Influenza vaccinations are annual due to the virus's mutation.
Step-by-step explanation:
Unlike Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV), human Metapneumovirus (hMPV) disease can occur throughout the year. Both RSV and hMPV cause respiratory infections, but they have different patterns of occurrence. While RSV tends to have a seasonal pattern, peaking in the winter months, hMPV does not follow such strict seasonality and can be found causing illnesses any time of the year. In contrast, some diseases, like malaria, are endemic in certain regions and are transmitted year-round in tropical climates.
Malaria transmission is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions, leading to high mortality rates, particularly among children. Regarding influenza, people need to be immunized with a new vaccine each year due to the mutation of the influenza virus, which changes the virus's surface proteins, necessitating an updated vaccine to provide effective protection. Lastly, endemic diseases like histoplasmosis occur more frequently in specific areas such as the Mississippi river valley in the United States.