Final answer:
Megaloblastic anemia is the type of anemia characterized by a large number of erythrocyte precursors in peripheral blood. It is caused by defective DNA synthesis and can be treated by addressing the underlying nutrient deficiency.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of anemia characterized by a large number of erythrocyte precursors in peripheral blood is called megaloblastic anemia. It is a type of anemia in which there is defective DNA synthesis, resulting in the production of large, immature red blood cells called megaloblasts. This can be caused by a deficiency in vitamin B12 or folic acid. An example of megaloblastic anemia is pernicious anemia, which is caused by a lack of intrinsic factor, a protein needed for vitamin B12 absorption. Another example is folate deficiency anemia, which occurs when there is a deficiency in folic acid. Treatment for megaloblastic anemia usually involves addressing the underlying nutrient deficiency through diet or supplementation.