Final answer:
Jesus was found guilty of blasphemy by the Sanhedrin and sedition by the Roman government. He was executed by crucifixion, a Roman punishment for state crimes. Jesus' trial showcases the interaction between Roman and local Jewish legal systems.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Sanhedrin found Jesus guilty of blasphemy and sedition against the Roman government. Jesus claimed to be the Son of God, which constituted blasphemy according to Jewish law, and his teachings and actions were viewed as a threat to Roman authority. Pilate, the Roman governor, also perceived him as a potential source of rebellion and ultimately sanctioned his execution by crucifixion, a common Roman punishment for crimes against the state.
In a broader historical context, Jesus' trial represented a complex interplay between the differing legal systems of the Roman Empire and the local Jewish leadership. The Roman governance allowed provincial peoples to follow their own laws as long as they paid taxes and remained loyal to Rome. This autonomy is depicted in the decision of the Roman governor Pontius Pilate to involve King Herod in Jesus' trial, reflecting the overlapping jurisdictions within the Empire.