Final answer:
Cutaneous means relating to skin, making dermous and dermal synonyms, but not fibrinous. The papillary dermis is the layer one must cut into to bleed. Skin cells originate from the ectoderm, and papillae extend from the dermis into the epidermis.
Step-by-step explanation:
"Cutaneous" means relating to the skin, so the options that are synonymous with "cutaneous" are dermous and dermal. Therefore, the correct answer to the student's question is d) both a and c but not b. For the other questions:
- An individual would have to cut into the papillary dermis (c) in order to bleed, since that is where the blood vessels are located within the skin.
- The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, gives rise to skin cells and is derived from the ectoderm (a).
- The papillae, which contain capillaries and nerve endings, extend from the dermis up into the epidermis (D).
The dermis is a layer of skin between the epidermis and the hypodermis, composed mainly of connective tissue, and containing important structures such as blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands. It's considered the "core" of the integumentary system.