Final answer:
The Ming Dynasty was established as a highly centralized, imperial state under Hongwu. He consolidated his power and implemented policies to protect China from foreign influences.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is C. highly centralized, imperial state. Under Hongwu, the Ming Dynasty was established as a highly centralized, imperial state. Hongwu consolidated his power by eliminating challenges, such as the position of chief minister, and suppressing rebellions in distant provinces. He also reformed the government and implemented policies to protect China from foreign influences.