Final answer:
The correct option is a) declarative knowledge.
Declarative knowledge is the term that most closely resembles the meaning of "factual knowledge" as it pertains to facts that can be stated and verified.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that comes closest to meaning the same thing as "factual knowledge" is declarative knowledge. Declarative knowledge, also known as propositional knowledge, refers to facts or information stored in the memory, that is factual and can be stated verbally.
Therefore, it aligns with the concept of factual knowledge, which is information that can be verified as definitely true or false. In contrast, procedural knowledge refers to the knowledge of how to perform tasks and is thus not primarily about facts.
Crystallized intelligence is a form of declarative knowledge because it encompasses factual information that has been learned and can be retrieved. Fluid intelligence, however, is the capacity to reason and solve new problems, which does not equate to the knowing of facts directly.