Final answer:
The effectiveness of IV infusion dopamine for heart failure is gauged by an increase in blood pressure and improved urine output, reflecting improved heart function and kidney perfusion.
Step-by-step explanation:
The effectiveness of IV infusion dopamine for heart failure (HF) can be assessed by certain clinical parameters. Dopamine is a positive inotrope which means it increases the force of the heart's contraction. When the medication is working effectively, clinical signs can include increase in blood pressure, improved urine output, and decrease in symptoms associated with HF. Improved urine output often occurs because dopamine can improve cardiac output, leading to better kidney perfusion and function. It's important to note that dopamine may increase heart rate, but this is not a primary indicator of effectiveness in HF treatment; it's more of a side effect. Dopamine can also lead to increased sodium reabsorption and increased blood volume, which also indicates improved circulation and cardiac output.
An increased blood pressure in this context suggests that the heart is pumping more effectively, counteracting the reduced cardiac output characteristic of heart failure. Improved urine output reflects better kidney perfusion as a result of improved cardiac function, not directly due to aldosterone which typically promotes reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys, causing increased blood volume and pressure. Understanding the physiological responses to dopamine is crucial for the proper management of heart failure.