Final answer:
State-dependent memory refers to the phenomenon where individuals have better recall of information when they are in the same physical or mental state as when they originally learned the material. It is a form of context-dependent memory that suggests the context in which information is learned becomes encoded alongside the memory itself.
Step-by-step explanation:
State-dependent memory refers to the phenomenon where individuals have better recall of information when they are in the same physical or mental state as when they originally learned the material. For example, if a person learned something while in a happy mood, they are more likely to remember it when they are in a happy mood again.
This memory effect can be attributed to the concept of context-dependent memory, which suggests that the context in which information is learned becomes encoded alongside the memory itself. When the same context is present during the recall process, it acts as a retrieval cue that enhances memory recall.
One classic study that demonstrated state-dependent memory involved participants learning information while under the influence of alcohol and then recalling it either sober or intoxicated. The results showed that participants had better recall when their state during recall matched their state during learning.