Final answer:
The third force movement in psychology supports the notion of free will and subjective truths, conflicting with absolute determinism but suggesting that our subjective reality influences our actions. Challenges to this view include neuroscience evidence of predetermined actions and post-modern theories that argue for multiple subjective realities instead of an objective one.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the third force movement in psychology, which emphasizes free will and subjective experience, it follows that individuals construct their own subjective truths and realities. This concept aligns with the philosophical debates on metaphysical theory and the ethical theories of human freedom, and suggests that absolute determinism in human behavior might not fully account for the self-determination that individuals experience. Hence, the statement that humans are entirely responsible for their actions may not be universally true, as the clash between freedom and determinism remains unresolved.
Despite the sense of agency that individuals feel, there are theories and scientific experiments, such as those by Benjamin Libet, that challenge the notion of free will by suggesting that many actions are predetermined by the brain. Furthermore, the post-modern perspective on reality (referred to as reality 3), proposes that what is considered as objective reality (reality 1) is unknown, and our perceptions and beliefs create multiple subjective realities instead.
The Thomas theorem also supports this view by indicating that people's behavior can be influenced by their subjective perception of reality, which can have real-world consequences, shaping events and individual actions. Therefore, acknowledging the complexity of human freedom, one must contemplate that there might be various interacting factors—neurological, psychological, cultural, and social—that contribute to the sense of making free choices while also being influenced by prior experiences and perceptions of reality.