Final answer:
Gene imprinting, involving the epigenetic marking and differential expression of genes based on parental origin, is falsely attributed to causing an extra chromosome; instead, aneuploidy, such as Down Syndrome or Turner Syndrome, involves abnormalities in chromosome number.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that gene imprinting results in the situation where an extra chromosome or piece of chromosome is included in a person's genotype is false. Gene imprinting is a process where certain genes are expressed in a parent-of-origin-specific manner.
It is not about having extra or fewer chromosomes, which describes conditions like trisomies or monosomies. Instead, gene imprinting involves the epigenetic marking of genes that leads to differential expression depending on whether the gene is inherited from the mother or the father.
Aneuploidy is the condition of having an abnormal number of chromosomes, such as the trisomy found in Down Syndrome. Chromosomal karyotyping can reveal these conditions, where specific chromosomal abnormalities like deletions or translocations can be visualized.