Final answer:
The challenge for 2-year-olds according to Erikson's psychosocial development stages is to develop a sense of autonomy. This development of autonomy is crucial in establishing a positive self-concept and is seen in their desire to make decisions and act independently.
Step-by-step explanation:
Understanding Erikson's Psychosocial Development Stages
According to Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, the challenge for 2-year-olds is to develop a sense of autonomy. At this toddler stage, generally spanning ages 1 to 3 years, children learn to control their actions and act on the environment, resulting in a sense of independence or autonomy. This is often seen in their desire to make simple decisions, such as choosing what to wear or which toys to play with, reflecting their 'me do it' stage. If toddlers are not allowed to exercise this emerging autonomy, they might start doubting their abilities, potentially leading to low self-esteem and feelings of shame. This stage is critical for developing a positive self-concept, which can influence their confidence and independence throughout their lives.
It is essential to understand that developing trust is relevant to the earlier stage of infancy (birth to 12 months). In contrast, the adolescent stage (ages 12-18) is characterized by the challenge of identity versus role confusion, where the main task is developing a sense of self. Lastly, late adulthood is associated with the stage of integrity versus despair, reflecting on life achievements.