Final answer:
Brian's perspective that he is the smartest and most invincible individual in his school is an example of a 'personal fable,' a common cognitive bias in adolescence involving the belief in uniqueness and indestructibility.
The Correct Option is; a) personal fable.
Step-by-step explanation:
Brian believes that he is the smartest and most talented kid in his school, feeling untouchable and on top of the world, a concept which is reinforced by his parents. This way of thinking is referred to as a personal fable.
A personal fable is part of adolescent egocentrism, which entails the belief that one's experiences are unique and that one is invulnerable to harm. This cognitive bias can lead to an exaggerated sense of personal uniqueness and indestructibility.
The personal fable can be contrasted with other terms that describe self-focused attitudes, such as cockiness, personal arrogance, and narcissism.
These all involve an inflated sense of self, but a personal fable is particularly associated with adolescent development and is characterized by a belief in one's own invincibility and a narrative that one's life is a unique and dramatic story.