Final answer:
Recognition occurs in the recognition phase of the listening process, where it involves comparing new stimuli with the information stored in long-term memory, using top-down processing and reconstruction.
Step-by-step explanation:
Recognition of a pattern that is stored in memory occurs in the recognition phase of the listening process. This involves identifying information that has been previously learned when you encounter it again. In the recognition phase, you compare new stimuli to the information already stored in your long-term memory, utilizing a process that depends on both top-down processing and the reconstruction of memories. The top-down processing aspect entails using previous experience and expectations to recognize stimuli, which is a key component in the recognition phase of listening.
According to the Atkinson-Shiffrin model of memory, information moves through sensory memory, short-term memory, and finally to long-term memory where it can be retrieved through recall, recognition, or relearning. Recognition is a fundamental aspect of this model as it allows us to identify and confirm knowledge that has previously been encoded into our memory system. This process is essential for tasks such as multiple-choice tests where the student relies on recognition to choose the correct answer.