Final answer:
Diagnostic tests for symptoms like hematuria and excessive proteinuria, especially with albumin as the major protein, include detailed urinalysis and blood tests. These symptoms are indicative of kidney issues, and treatment may involve medication and managing underlying conditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
A patient exhibiting symptoms such as hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin as the major protein, is likely to have kidney-related issues. Diagnostic tests for such symptoms would include a detailed urinalysis, which could show proteins, red blood cells, and possibly cellular casts which can indicate nephritic conditions. Additionally, a blood test to check renal function would be important, and the patient might be checked for conditions like diabetic nephropathy or autoimmune diseases. The presence of albumin in the urine (albuminuria) specifically indicates some level of kidney damage. Treatment might involve medication to reduce protein levels in the urine, and the management of underlying conditions such as diabetes or hypertension if present.