Final answer:
Controlling is the management function involved in monitoring and regulating organizational activities to meet goals, requiring measuring performance, comparing it to standards, and making adjustments. It's similar to principles in scientific management aimed at increasing worker efficiency, and bureaucracies' focus on productivity and efficiency.
Step-by-step explanation:
“Controlling” is the management function concerned with monitoring employees' activities, keeping the organization on track toward its goals, and making corrections as needed. This function involves establishing performance standards, measuring actual performance, comparing the measured performance against established standards, and taking corrective action when necessary. Effective controlling ensures that an organization's resources are being used efficiently and effectively toward the achievement of organizational goals. This process is vital in detecting potential problems before they occur and adjusting strategies to accommodate changing circumstances within the business environment.
Additionally, within the context of scientific management, the goal was to increase workers' efficiency. This approach aimed to improve productivity and operations through the systematic analysis of work processes. On the other hand, bureaucracies are designed to increase productivity and efficiency through a structured hierarchy and formal rules, which are some of the intended positive aspects of such organizational structures.