Final answer:
When an aircraft is overloaded, the performance characteristics that will be adversely affected include reduced rate of climb, increased takeoff distance, and reduced fuel efficiency.
Step-by-step explanation:
When an aircraft is overloaded, several performance characteristics will be adversely affected. These include reduced rate of climb, increased takeoff distance, and reduced fuel efficiency.
The increased weight of the overloaded aircraft makes it harder for the engines to generate enough thrust to climb at the same rate as a lighter aircraft. This results in a reduced rate of climb and increased takeoff distance.
In addition, the increased weight puts a higher demand on the engines, causing them to consume more fuel and reducing overall fuel efficiency.