Final answer:
During Mania and Hypomania, individuals often display increased energy, talkativeness, and grandiosity, corresponding to heightened mood levels seen in bipolar disorder, rather than decreased energy, social withdrawal, sadness, intense fear with physical agitation, persistent worrying, or phobias.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the appearance and behavior of Mania and Hypomania, individuals often demonstrate increased energy, talkativeness, and grandiosity. These are episodes associated with Bipolar Disorder, wherein a person alternates between states of deep depression and periods of overexcitement or mania. During a manic episode, increased energy levels might prevent a person from feeling the need for sleep, resulting in insomnia. Talkativeness is marked by a pressure to keep talking, rushing from topic to topic, and grandiosity can manifest as an inflated self-esteem or delusions of grandeur. Hypomania presents similarly but in a milder form without significant impairment in social or occupational functioning. Meanwhile, antipsychotic or neuroleptic drugs can help manage symptoms by reducing agitation and assisting in stabilizing mood.
Contrarily, symptoms listed under options b) Decreased energy, social withdrawal, and sadness, c) Intense fear and physical agitation, and d) Persistent worrying and phobias align more closely with other conditions such as major depression, anxiety disorders, and phobic disorders. These symptoms are not typically characteristic of manic or hypomanic episodes.