Final answer:
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia is linked to weakened immune systems and low oxygen levels in the blood, with risks increasing with the use of contaminated mechanical ventilation equipment. Proper hygiene practices are critical for prevention. High-risk groups include the elderly, those with preexisting lung conditions, and immunocompromised individuals.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a type of health care-associated pneumonia that occurs in people who are receiving mechanical ventilation. Certain factors contribute to the risk of developing VAP, which include: a weakened immune system, low oxygen levels in the blood, and the use of invasive devices like ventilators which can introduce bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and various Proteobacteria into the lungs. Regular handwashing and controlled blood pressure are not contributing factors to VAP but rather are measures that may help prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs).
Patients at higher risk for VAP are often those who are elderly, have preexisting lung conditions, are immunocompromised, or are receiving supportive therapies that can disrupt the mucociliary escalator, a key defense in the respiratory system. Bacteria introduced via contaminated ventilators or other medical equipment like intubation tubes can lead to VAP, especially in patients with conditions such as cystic fibrosis or those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It's essential to maintain proper hygiene and equipment sterilization protocols to prevent the occurrence of these infections.