Final answer:
Human factors psychology, commonly known as ergonomics, involves designing work environments and products such as chairs and desks to prevent fatigue and back problems by aligning the user's center of gravity with their hips' pivot point.
Step-by-step explanation:
The field concerned with the design of products and environments based on medical research, particularly ergonomics, aimed at reducing fatigue and preventing back problems is known as human factors psychology or ergonomics. Professionals in this field focus on the interaction between humans and their tools and work systems to ensure safety and efficiency. Good ergonomic design includes chairs and workstations that promote good posture, allowing a person's center of gravity to be aligned with their pivot point at the hips, ultimately preventing back strain and damage to spinal discs. These ergonomic principles are not only applied to furniture but also to the development of regulations and design standards across various industries, including software and traditional industries. Human factor professionals play a vital role in early design stages, testing, evaluation, and regulation development like those put in place after the Three Mile Island nuclear accident.