Question

A 5-year-old Caucasian female is brought into a clinic complaining of scalp itching. Upon examination, the APRN observes nits in the patient's hair shafts. Which condition is characteristic of these findings?

a) Pediculosis capitis
b) Tinea capitis
c) Seborrheic dermatitis
d) Alopecia areata

Answer 1

The findings of nits on a patient's hair shafts and scalp itching are indicative of pediculosis capitis (head lice infestation), not alopecia areata. Treatment includes lice-killing medications and environmental measures to prevent spread.

Step-by-step explanation:

The condition characteristic of finding nits in a patient's hair shafts, accompanied by scalp itching, is pediculosis capitis, commonly known as head lice infestation. It is caused by a parasite called Pediculus humanus capitis which lives on the scalp and feeds on human blood. The presence of nits, which are the lice's eggs, indicates an active infestation.

This condition is highly contagious and common among children. Treatment typically involves over-the-counter or prescription medications that kill lice and their eggs. It is different from alopecia areata, which is an autoimmune condition leading to hair loss. Regular combing of hair with a fine-toothed nit comb can help remove nits, and washing bedding and clothing in hot water can prevent the spread. It's important for the patient's close contacts to be checked for lice as well.