Final answer:
Antegrade transoral small intestine endoscopy is defined by the most distal segment examined, meaning the furthest point the scope reaches within the small intestine.
Step-by-step explanation:
The proper answer to the student's question, 'Antegrade transoral small intestine endoscopy (enteroscopy) is defined by the most _______ segment of small intestine that is examined,' is option b) Distal. This is because the type of endoscopy referred to is characterized by how far the scope is inserted into the small intestine and indicates the furthest point the endoscope reaches, which would indeed be the most distal segment.