Final answer:
An illegal act against private rights is a violation of Civil Law, which is distinct from Criminal Law where the government charges an individual.
Step-by-step explanation:
An illegal act that is committed against the enforcement or protection of private rights and involves at least one party alleging harm or injury by another is a violation of B. Civil Law.
In contrast, criminal law covers conduct that is prohibited because it can harm others, and it establishes punishments for such actions. Examples of criminal law include cases where governments (state or national) charge individuals with crimes such as felonies or misdemeanors, while civil law concerns disputes between private parties. It's important to understand that this distinction is significant in determining how the law is applied and who prosecutes the case in a court of law.