Question

Which of the following ratings indicates that the drug is contraindicated in pregnancy?

a) A
b) B
c) C
d) X

Answer 1

The correct rating that indicates a drug is contraindicated in pregnancy is (d) X.

Step-by-step explanation:

The drug classification system for pregnancy categorizes medications based on their safety during gestation. Category X is reserved for drugs with evidence of fetal abnormalities or risks that clearly outweigh potential benefits. When a drug is labeled as Category X, it signifies that its use is contraindicated during pregnancy due to the potential harm it poses to the developing fetus. These medications have shown a significant risk of adverse effects, making their use unacceptable during pregnancy.

Conversely, categories A, B, and C represent varying degrees of safety. Category A includes drugs that have been well-studied in pregnant women, showing no risk. Category B indicates that animal studies have not demonstrated fetal risk, but human studies may be insufficient. Category C suggests that animal studies have shown adverse effects, and there may be limited human data.

Option D is correct.

Answer 2

Category X is the rating indicating a drug is contraindicated in pregnancy. Ultrasounds are the most safely used imaging study during pregnancy. Hormonal contraceptives are generally the most effective short-term contraceptive method.

Thus option d) X is correct answer.

Step-by-step explanation:

The rating that indicates a drug is contraindicated in pregnancy is d) X. Drugs that fall under Category X have been found in studies to cause fetal abnormalities or there is evidence of fetal risk based on human experience, and the risks involved in use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweigh potential benefits.

In regards to which imaging studies can be used most safely during pregnancy, the safest option is generally c) ultrasounds. Ultrasounds do not use ionizing radiation, which can be harmful to a developing fetus, making them a safer choice for imaging during pregnancy.

When considering short-term contraceptive methods, b) hormonal contraceptives are generally more effective than barrier methods. Hormonal contraceptives include methods like pills, patches, and implants that release hormones to prevent ovulation and thereby prevent pregnancy.

Thus option d) X is correct answer.