Final answer:
In a corporation, amending the articles of incorporation requires the approval of the majority of the outstanding capital stock or members since it alters the company's foundational document.
Step-by-step explanation:
A corporation is a distinct type of business entity that is characterized by ownership through shareholders who have limited liability in terms of the company's debts but can share in the company's profits and losses. Key decisions within a corporation typically require approval from various groups of stakeholders, specified in the corporate by-laws or other governing documents. Among the options provided, the act that requires the approval of the majority of the outstanding capital stock or members is D. To amend the articles of incorporation. This is a significant corporate act that entails changing the company's foundational legal document and typically requires a majority vote of the shareholders.