Final answer:
The priority problem regarding patients with oliguria and polyuria is fluid volume deficit due to the risk of dehydration and secondary complications such as kidney disease or cardiogenic shock.
Step-by-step explanation:
The priority problem for a nurse caring for patients with oliguria (decreased urine output) and polyuria (increased urine output) would be fluid volume deficit. Oliguria might occur in conditions such as fever, shock, and dehydration, where there is a reduced urine production. Polyuria, on the other hand, involves frequent urination which may lead to dehydration if fluid intake is not sufficient to replace the losses.
Both conditions can lead to a serious fluid volume deficit, affecting cellular function and potentially leading to secondary complications such as kidney disease or cardiogenic shock. Therefore, closely monitoring patients’ fluid status, providing appropriate fluid replacement, and addressing the underlying causes of these conditions are vital.