Final answer:
Orthopedics is the branch of medicine that deals with the musculoskeletal system, with orthopedists specializing in treating related disorders and injuries, and rheumatologists managing chronic musculoskeletal diseases.
Step-by-step explanation:
The branch of medicine that specializes in the study of the musculoskeletal system is B) Orthopedics. An orthopedist is a healthcare professional who diagnoses and treats disorders and injuries related to the musculoskeletal system, which includes bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and nerves. Treatments can range from prescribed exercises and braces to surgery, depending on the severity and nature of the condition. Aside from orthopedists, rheumatologists also focus on musculoskeletal diseases, though they primarily manage chronic conditions like arthritis and osteoporosis, which can affect the musculoskeletal system as well.