Final answer:
Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida species, and vulvovaginal candidiasis, a common type, is usually referred to as a yeast infection.
Step-by-step explanation:
Candidiasis is a fungal infection caused by Candida species, particularly Candida albicans. This type of infection, often referred to as a "yeast infection," can affect various body regions including the skin, oral cavity, and vagina. In vulvovaginal candidiasis, the infection occurs in the vaginal area, leading to symptoms such as itching, discharge, and irritation. The overgrowth of Candida can result from an imbalance in the normal microbiota, pH changes, or a compromised immune system. While Candida spp. are typically a part of the body's natural biota and pose no harm, they can become pathogenic under certain conditions. Methods for diagnosing vaginal candidiasis include microscopic evaluation of vaginal secretions and molecular tests like the Affirm VPII Microbial Identification Test.