Final answer:
The term "Special parental authority and responsibility" in the Philippines refers to the responsibilities that people like teachers have towards children in their care, acting in lieu of the parents to protect the well-being of the child while under their supervision.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term "Special parental authority and responsibility" in Article 218 of the Family Code of the Philippines refers to (C) The rights and duties of parents over the person and property of the child. This authority includes, but is not limited to, making decisions about the child's education, medical care, and overall welfare. It is meant to confer upon those entrusted with a minor child, such as teachers or school administrators in a school setting, the responsibility to act in lieu of parents for the safety and protection of the children while under their supervision.
The special parental authority applies to instances when the minor is in their care, such as during school hours or school-related activities. It is different from the usual concept of legal guardianship or custody, as it is a form of responsibility associated with a specific context or environment.