Final answer:
b)Creativity is the capacity to generate novel ideas and perspectives for problem-solving and opportunities. It's essential across all fields and paves the way for innovation and diffusion of new products or ideas. Governments play a role in encouraging technological advancement through supportive policies and investments.
Step-by-step explanation:
The ability to develop new ideas and discover new ways of looking at problems and opportunities is referred to as creativity. Creativity involves divergent thinking which allows an individual to think 'outside the box' and come up with multiple, unique solutions to a problem. This intellectual ability is essential not just in the arts, but across all disciplines, as it encourages the discovery of something new, which can lead to innovation and eventually the diffusion of these ideas or products within a society.
Encouraging creativity in individuals and organizations can lead to significant social benefits, although it's not guaranteed that a company will reap all these benefits from a new invention. Governments can promote the development of new technology through various means, such as funding research, providing tax incentives, and investing in education to foster an innovative mindset.