Final answer:
The question asks about the effect of gravity on a gun's accuracy over varying distances and the impacts of different muzzle velocities and air resistance on the trajectory of a bullet.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question involves calculating projectile motion and the effects of different physical factors on the trajectory of a bullet or projectile. When a gun is sighted to hit targets at 100 meters, and if we aim directly at a target that is 150 meters away without adjusting the sight, the bullet will hit lower than the intended point due to gravity affecting its trajectory over the longer distance. The amount by which the bullet will hit lower can be calculated using the principles of projectile motion.
Discussing a larger muzzle velocity, we can say that an increased speed would result in the projectile reaching the target more quickly and being less affected by gravity over the same distance, potentially resulting in less drop and a flatter trajectory. The effect of air resistance would be to slow down the bullet, decreasing its range and increasing the amount it drops over a given distance.