Final answer:
Impression management involves controlling how others perceive you to avoid negative outcomes like miscommunication and misinterpretation, and is particularly important in professional environments and in the context of symbolic interactionism. The correct options are 1 and 2.
Step-by-step explanation:
Impression management, in a general sense, is focused on proactively shaping how others perceive you to prevent negative outcomes such as miscommunication, misinterpretation, misrepresentation, and misconduct. It involves presenting oneself in a way that is likely to be perceived favorably by others, whether in social scenarios or professional contexts.
In the workplace, especially for professionals in their first year on the job, it's crucial to manage impressions to gain positive responses, such as promotions and recognition. This includes exhibiting behaviors that signify integrity and teamwork. Impression management also relates to symbolic interactionism, where individuals alter their presentation based on the social setting, akin to a performance on a stage. Among various strategies, impression management can involve attire selection, as seen in the legal field where attorneys often decide on the appearance of witnesses and defendants to influence courtroom perceptions.
However, challenges can arise, such as when dealing with societal biases or stereotypes associated with one's group. It becomes important then to navigate these issues while maintaining professionalism and a favorable image.
Hence, Options 1 and 2 are correct.