Final answer:
Sucrose (option A) is the nutrient responsible for the development of cavities in teeth due to its fermentation by bacteria in the mouth, producing acids that erode tooth enamel. Reducing sucrose intake, along with regular dental care and fluoride use, can help prevent dental caries.
Step-by-step explanation:
The nutrient responsible for the development of cavities in teeth is sucrose. This is because sucrose is a type of sugar that, when consumed, can be broken down by cavity-causing bacteria like Streptococcus mutans in the mouth. These bacteria metabolize sucrose to form glucose and fructose. The glucose is used to create dextran, which is part of plaque's extracellular matrix, and the fructose is fermented to produce acids such as lactic acid. These acids then erode tooth enamel, leading to the formation of cavities, otherwise known as dental caries.
To prevent tooth decay, it is recommended to reduce sugar intake, have regular dental cleanings, and use fluoridated products that strengthen tooth minerals. Products like sugarless gum containing sugar alcohols like xylitol can also help reduce acid production since they are not fermented into acids by bacteria.