Final answer:
A substance or chemical capable of causing birth defects is called a teratogen (option C). Teratogens permanently deform the function or structure of a developing fetus. Examples of teratogens include cigarette components, alcohol, cocaine, warfarin, ACE inhibitors, and Accutane.
Step-by-step explanation:
A substance or chemical capable of causing birth defects is called a teratogen. Teratogens are compounds that permanently deform the function or structure of a developing embryo or fetus in utero. The effects of a teratogen on the fetus depend on several factors, including the potency of the teratogen, the susceptibility of the fetus, the dose and duration of teratogen exposure, and when during development the exposure occurs.
Examples of teratogens include cigarette components, alcohol, cocaine, warfarin, ACE inhibitors, and Accutane, which can all affect fetal development. It's important to avoid exposure to these substances during pregnancy to minimize the risk of birth defects.