Final answer:
Dysphagia is the medical term for difficulty swallowing and is associated with various conditions affecting the pharynx and esophageal function.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that means difficulty swallowing is b) Dysphagia. Dysphagia is a condition in which people have difficulty swallowing and may experience pain or discomfort when swallowing. This condition can be associated with various disorders that affect the pharynx, esophagus, or the muscles and nerves used for swallowing. Common causes include neurological conditions, structural abnormalities, and diseases that affect the esophageal lining.
In contrast, atrophy refers to the wasting away or decrease in size of a body part, often due to a disease or lack of use. Apnea is a temporary cessation of breathing, particularly during sleep. Polyuria is a condition characterized by excessive urination, which can be a symptom of diabetes insipidus or diabetes mellitus. When a person experiences polyuria, it often leads to dehydration and may be accompanied by polydipsia, the excessive intake of water, and polyphagia, which is an increased appetite and intake of food.