Final answer:
The McKinney v. University of Guelph case is Canadian, and the question of whether universities and hospitals are bound by the Charter of Rights and Freedoms depends on their actions, with some being partially bound when they perform governmental functions.
Step-by-step explanation:
The case of McKinney v. University of Guelph does not pertain to whether universities and hospitals are exempt from the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, as the case is not a United States case but rather a Canadian one. Consequently, U.S. Constitution-based options such as 'Rights Guaranteed by the U.S. Constitution' or the 'Bill of Rights' are not applicable here. Canadian universities and hospitals can be considered to be partially bound by the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, depending on whether they are acting in a governmental capacity or undertaking activities that can be said to implement a specific governmental program or policy. However, this is a complex legal area and the extent to which the Charter applies can vary based on specific circumstances and the nature of the institution's actions.