Final answer:
The musical term derived from Latin meaning "to sound," originally referring to instrumental pieces and today representing a key style of concert music along with the fugue, is "sonata." The sonata form played a central role in the development of classical music, distinguished by its specific structure in contrast to the thematically complex fugue.
Step-by-step explanation:
The musical term that comes from the Latin for "to sound," which originally referred to pieces that are played rather than sung, and today is used for one of two primary styles of concert music, along with the fugue, is "sonata." The sonata form is a specific structure in classical music, which evolved from the contrast of themes and the development of musical ideas.
This term encompasses both multi-movement works, as well as single-movement pieces that are part of larger works.
In contrast, a fugue is a complex style of composition that involves the systematic repetition and development of musical themes, showcasing the composer's skill in thematic development and contrapuntal texture. Both sonata form and fugue represent significant elements in Western classical music tradition.