Final answer:
Older adults on cyclic parenteral nutrition are prone to higher rates of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia because of age-related changes in glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Close monitoring is essential to prevent complications from cyclic PN in this population.
Step-by-step explanation:
When using cyclic parenteral nutrition (PN) solutions for nonstressed patients, it is important to monitor for complications because older adults may exhibit certain metabolic changes that impact their response to nutrition. Increased age is associated with higher rates of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia due to factors such as a rise in blood glucose levels that take longer to normalize and a decline in cellular insulin sensitivity, which affects glucose metabolism. As a result, among the options listed, older adults have higher rates of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia.
Nearly 27 percent of Americans aged 65 and older have diabetes, indicating the significance of monitoring blood glucose levels and insulin sensitivity in this population. Insulin resistance can be exacerbated by factors such as metabolic acidosis, which impairs the insulin signaling pathway, leading to increased cardiovascular risk and metabolic dysfunction. Therefore, careful management and monitoring of cyclic PN therapy are imperative in older adults to prevent complications due to their altered metabolic responses, including potential challenges with glucose tolerance.