Final answer:
Hypermetabolism is common in both acute and environmental or social related malnutrition, characterized by an increased metabolic rate and energy expenditure.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hypermetabolism is a condition that is common in both acute illness or injury-related malnutrition and environmental or social related malnutrition. This condition refers to an increased metabolic rate which leads to a higher than normal energy expenditure. In the context of acute illness or injury, hypermetabolism occurs as the body requires additional energy to repair tissues, fight infection, and respond to stress.
On the other hand, hypermetabolism can also be a feature of malnutrition stemming from social or environmental factors, where the body might be struggling to maintain homeostasis due to inadequate nutrition or a lack of key macronutrients. In both cases, the elevated metabolic demand can exacerbate the nutritional deficits if the intake of nutrients is not increased accordingly. Malnutrition, whether due to undernutrition (a lack of nutrients) or overnutrition (an excess of energy intake leading to obesity), has deleterious effects on health.