Final answer:
Output devices in control systems, such as actuators, relays, and transducers, convert the controller's signal into physical action. Actuators can be categorized as linear or rotary, relays are electrically operated switches, and transducers convert electrical signals into physical quantities.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the context of control systems, output devices are components that convert the signals from the controller into a physical action or response. Actuators, relays, and transducers are examples of output devices.
An actuator is an output device that is responsible for moving or controlling a mechanism or system. It converts the electrical signal from the controller into mechanical motion. Actuators can be classified into two main categories: linear actuators and rotary actuators. Linear actuators produce linear motion, while rotary actuators produce rotational motion.
A relay is another type of output device that is commonly used in control systems. It is an electrically operated switch that uses an electromagnet to control the flow of current. Relays can be used to control larger electrical loads and provide isolation between the controller and the final control element.
Transducers are devices that convert one form of energy into another. In the context of control systems, transducers are used to convert the electrical signal from the controller into a physical quantity such as pressure, temperature, or flow rate. These physical quantities can then be used to control the final control element.