Final answer:
The Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 prohibits discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related conditions and applies to all employers with 15 or more employees, not just federal employees or certain private companies. Option A is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer to the question is A) A law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions. The Pregnancy Discrimination Act (PDA) of 1978 is a significant amendment to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This act makes it illegal to treat individuals unfavorably because of their pregnancy, childbirth, or related medical conditions in aspects such as employment, pay, and termination.
It is not limited to federal employees or only companies with more than 100 employees; it applies universally to all employers with 15 or more employees, as per the guidelines enforced by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). Furthermore, it is a step towards reducing workplace discrimination alongside other public policies like the Equal Pay Act of 1963 and the Civil Rights Act of 1991.