Final answer:
Sterilization of surgical instruments using an autoclave is accomplished through moist-heat sterilization with clean steam and heat, not a specific solution. Correct wrapping and internal indicators are employed for quality control to confirm successful sterility.
Step-by-step explanation:
When autoclaving surgical instruments for sterilization, moist-heat sterilization is the process used, where steam is the agent that enables sterilization. Autoclaves operate by utilizing high-pressure steam to achieve high temperatures (typically 121 °C or 132 °C) to ensure that all forms of microbial life, including resistant endospores, are eliminated. Sterilization of surgical instruments does not require a chemical solution but rather clean steam and heat to achieve sterilization. Instruments are prepared for autoclaving by being cleaned and then loosely wrapped or packaged to allow the penetration of steam during the process. It is essential for the steam to directly contact the instruments; this requires correct placement and packaging within the autoclave.
Quality control measures, such as internal indicators like heat-sensitive autoclave tape or biological indicator spore tests, should be used to ensure that the appropriate sterilization temperature has been reached and maintained for the correct duration. For safety, personnel handling potentially contaminated equipment should follow proper decontamination protocols, including wearing protective gear and using basic solutions for decontamination if necessary.