Final answer:
Hardness cannot be determined directly from a standard tensile test, unlike modulus of elasticity, yield strength, and ultimate strength.
Step-by-step explanation:
In a standard tensile test, the modulus of elasticity (Young's modulus), yield strength, and ultimate strength can be determined directly by analyzing the stress-strain curve of the material. However, hardness cannot be determined directly from a standard tensile test.
Hardness is a measure of a material's resistance to indentation or scratching. It is determined by conducting a separate test using specific indentation or scratch testing methods, such as the Brinell hardness test, Rockwell hardness test, or Vickers hardness test.
Therefore, the correct answer is D) hardness.