Final answer:
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is diagnosed through a physical exam that includes blood pressure measurement, a D-dimer test, physical activity assessment, and ultrasound examination.
Step-by-step explanation:
Venous Thromboembolism and Physical Examination
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a condition that includes both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE). DVT occurs when a blood clot forms in a deep vein, usually in the leg, as depicted in Figure 17.8.1, which can lead to life-threatening complications if the clot dislodges and travels to the lungs, causing a PE. The diagnosis and assessment of VTE involve several tests and evaluations:
Blood pressure measurement: This is essential as both hypertension and hypotension can be risk factors for VTE.
D-dimer test: This measures a substance released when a blood clot dissolves; high levels can indicate the presence of an active clot.
Physical activity assessment: Regular movement helps prevent DVT by stimulating blood flow, reducing the risk of clot formation.
Ultrasound examination: This non-invasive test uses sound waves to visualize blood flow and detect any clots in the veins.
Assessing these indicators helps physicians diagnose VTE and manage the condition effectively to prevent serious complications like PE, which can obstruct blood flow to the lungs and lead to severe outcomes.
Furthermore, other conditions such as heart failure, prolonged sitting, and standing for long periods can increase the risk of DVT, as they affect blood circulation and pressure in the veins. Prevention and early diagnosis are critical in managing VTE and ensuring patient safety.