Final answer:
In tort law, four elements are necessary for a monetary award: Duty, Breach, Causation, and Damages. These elements establish the liability for negligence, which differs from moral commitments described by Ross. Option A is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The four elements that must be proved to have existed before money can be awarded in tort law are: (a) Duty, (b) Breach, (c) Causation, and (d) Damages. These are fundamental to establishing liability in most tort cases, including negligence. Duty refers to the legal obligation one has to others to act with a certain standard of care. Breach is when an individual fails to meet that standard of care.
Causation connects the breach of duty to the resulting harm, showing that the breach caused the injury. Lastly, Damages refer to the actual losses suffered by the plaintiff because of the defendant's actions. These elements are distinct from Ross's prima facie moral duties, which include duties such as fidelity, reparation, gratitude, promoting good, and non-maleficence, which focus on moral commitments rather than legal liability.