Final answer:
Wilson et al. (2006) found that both electronic apex locators and pulp testers are safe for use in patients with cardiac pacemakers.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the study conducted by Wilson et al. (2006), they investigated the safety of electronic apex locators and pulp testers in patients with implanted cardiac pacemakers or cardioverter/defibrillators. Wilson et al (2006) conducted a study to investigate the safety of electronic apex locators and pulp testers in patients with implanted cardiac pacemakers or cardioverter/defibrillators. They found that both electronic apex locators and pulp testers are safe for patients with cardiac pacemakers and there were no reported adverse effects on the pacemakers or the patients. They found that both electronic apex locators and pulp testers are safe for use in patients with cardiac pacemakers, which would suggest that dental practitioners can use these devices without interfering with the normal function of these life-sustaining cardiac devices.