Final answer:
Factors that can contribute to the development of infections in the body include decreased peristalsis, broken skin or mucosa, decreased ciliary action, and obstructed urine flow. Good hygiene and proper functioning of the body's defense mechanisms are essential in preventing infections. When these defenses are bypassed or impaired, the risk of infection increases.
Step-by-step explanation:
Several factors can contribute to the development of infections in the body, including decreased peristalsis, which affects the movement of content through the digestive tract and can lead to an environment where pathogens proliferate. Broken skin or mucosa provide an entry point for pathogens, bypassing the primary physical barrier to infection. Furthermore, decreased ciliary action can impair the clearance of pathogens and mucus, leading to a higher chance of infection.
Escherichia coli, commonly found in fecal matter, is a leading cause of urinary tract infections. This is attributed to fecal contamination, especially in females due to the anatomical proximity of the anus to the urethra. In males, other conditions such as enlarged prostate or kidney stones can cause obstruction and increase the risk of infection. Environmental factors, including inadequate water, sanitation, and improper hygiene, can also contribute to the risk of infection by providing a route for pathogen transmission.
Mechanisms like frequent urination, which serves as a flushing mechanism, and the low pH of the stomach, which inhibits pathogen growth, are crucial defenses against these risks. When urine flow is obstructed, for instance, it increases the chance of stasis, where pathogens can accumulate and cause infection.
In summary, the body's defenses including intact skin, proper pH levels, and adequate fluid movement are key in preventing infections. Disruption or impairment of these can significantly increase susceptibility to pathogens.