Final answer:
The relationship between Pseudomonas bacteria forming a biofilm on a natural loofah sponge is an example of commensalism, where the bacteria benefit and the sponge is neither harmed nor benefits.
Step-by-step explanation:
Biofilm Formation and Symbiotic Relationships
The formation of a biofilm on a natural loofah sponge by Pseudomonas bacteria is an example of a commensalism relationship. In this relationship, the bacteria benefit by living on the sponge's surface, utilizing the organic materials and moisture present for their growth, while the sponge does not derive any benefit but is not significantly harmed either.
In contrast, mutualistic relationships involve both parties benefiting; parasites benefit at the expense of their hosts; and predation involves one organism feeding on another.
Biofilm formation provides bacteria with numerous advantages. It allows them to adhere more effectively to surfaces, protects them from environmental stresses, enhances resistance to antibiotics and disinfectants, and facilitates communication between cells through mechanisms such as quorum sensing. Biofilms can either be beneficial or harmful, depending on the context and location of their formation, such as in medical settings where they can lead to infections.