Final answer:
Biofeedback is the technique that mirrors the results of a person's efforts, helping them learn control over involuntary physiological responses. The correct answer to the question is d) biofeedback.
Step-by-step explanation:
This practice was pioneered by Gary Schwartz and involves the use of equipment that provides real-time feedback on a person's physiological state. For instance, individuals can see or hear how their bodily processes like heart rate, muscle tension, or brain wave patterns are functioning and are guided on how to control them through relaxation and other techniques.
The feedback enables people to learn and develop strategies to manage responses that are typically involuntary, aiding in the treatment of conditions like high blood pressure, tension headaches, and more. It is based on the assumption that providing biofeedback allows individuals to develop strategies for voluntary control over involuntary bodily processes. For example, facial muscle movement, brain activity, and skin temperature can be measured using biofeedback instruments.